Propaganda and Intelligence in the Cold War by Linda Risso

Author:Linda Risso [Risso, Linda]
Language: eng
Format: mobi, epub
ISBN: 9781317974864
Publisher: Taylor and Francis
Published: 2017-07-11T13:41:15.508101+00:00

Notes

1 The Jackson–Nunn Amendments (1973 and 1974) and Defence Appropriation Acts. Detlef, J. (ed.), The United States and Germany in the Era of the Cold War, 1945–1990: A Handbook (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).

2 ‘The Eurogroup in NATO: report by West German Ministry of Defence’, Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, 14/6 (1972), pp. 291–293. See Chapter 8 for the role of the North Atlantic Assembly in launching the debate about the Eurogroup.

3 Nuti L. (ed.), The Crisis of Détente in Europe: From Helsinki to Gorbachev, 1975–1985 (London: Routledge, 2009). For an effective summary of the changes in transatlantic relations in the 1970s, see Wenger A. and Möckli D., ‘Power shifts and new security needs: NATO, European identity and the reorganisation of the West, 1967–1975’, in Hanhimäki J., Soutou G.-H. and Germond B. (eds), The Routledge Handbook of Transatlantic Security (London: Routledge, 2010), pp. 103–122. See also Wenger A., Nuenlist C. and Locher A. (eds), Transforming NATO in the Cold War: Challenges beyond Deterrence in the 1960s (London: Routledge, 2006).

4 The report was commissioned by the Defence Planning Committee and was written by senior representatives of governments and of the three Major NATO Commanders (equivalent of today’s Strategic Commanders), assisted by the civilian and military international staffs. AD 70 was approved at the ministerial meeting in Brussels in December 1970. The official text is available on the NATO website: www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-2151977B-CB0331CE/natolive/official_texts_26792.htm (retrieved on 11 January 2013). Having withdrawn from the alliance’s integrated command structure, France did not participate in the AD 70 study.

5 Final communiqué, 7 June 1973; available on the NATO website at: www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-8BD98000-9C0824EC/natolive/official_texts_26873.htm (retrieved on 1 October 2012).

6 The first meeting of MODIO took place in June 1971 to ‘provide an opportunity for discussing practical measures and cooperation between the NATO Information Service and Ministries of Defence Information Sections [and] to provide an opportunity for an exchange of ideas between the heads of these sections’. Conference of Heads of Information Sections in Ministries of Defence, report by the chairman, 9 July 1971, NA, CM(71)47.

7 Conference of Heads of Information Sections in Ministries of Defence, report by the chairman, 7 April 1972, NA, CM(72)19.

8 Conference of Heads of Information Sections in Ministries of Defence, report by the chairman, 9 July 1971, NA, CM(71)47.

9 Conference of Heads of Information Sections in Ministries of Defence, report by the chairman, 22 November 1974, NA, CM(74)80.

10 According to the AD 70 report, paragraph 6, ‘progress towards a meaningful détente in an era of negotiation will, therefore, require the maintenance of a strong collective defence posture’.

11 Conference of National Information Officials, report by the chairman, 3 June 1971, NA, CM(71)44.

12 ‘Atlantic Treaty Association: Sixteenth General Assembly. The Hague, 21–25 September 1970. Final Resolution’, NATO Letter, 18/10–11 (October/November 1970); ‘North Atlantic Assembly recommendations. The Hague. November 1970’, NATO Letter, 18/12 (December 1970). See more details in Chapter 8.

13 As a member of the Norwegian Special Forces in Britain in 1942, Koren underwent special training as a Public Information Officer and subsequently joined the Norwegian State Broadcasting Company.

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